Second Year
Semester III
3.3 Network Analysis and Synthesis
3.4 Electronic Devices & Circuits
4.4 Electromagnetic Fields & Waves
4.5 Linear Integrated Circuits
Third Year
5.1 Probability Theory And Random Process
5.2 Control System Engineering
5.3 Transmission Lines And Waveguides
5.6 Computer Organization And Design
6.3 Electronic Instrumentation
6.5 Antenna And Wave Propagation
Fourth Year
7.1 Peripheral Devices and Interfacing
7.2 Microwave and Radar Engineering
7.3 Optical Fiber Communication
7.4.1 Elective-I (Operating Systems)
7.4.2 Elective-I (VLSI Technology and Design - I)
7.5.1 Elective-II (Mobile Communication Systems)
7.5.2 Elective-II (Artificial Neural Networks)
8.1 Satellite & Television Engineering
8.2.1 Elective-III (Data Communication)
8.2.2 Elective-III (Consumer Electronics)
8.2.3 Elective-III (Optical Computing)
8.3.1 Elective-IV (E-Commerce)
8.3.2 Elective-IV (Embedded Systems)
8.3.3 Elective-IV (Telecommunications Transmission System)
8.3.4 Elective-IV (Digital Image Processing)
MODULE I
Matrices: Types of matrices, Determinant, adjoint, inverse of matrix, elementary transformation,
Elementary matrices, Rank of matrix, Reduction to normal form, canonical form.
Rank using elementary transformation, Linear independence end dependence.
System of the form AX=0 and AX=B, their solutions.
MODULE II
Eigen values, Eigen vectors with properties.
Cayley Hamilton theorem with Applications. Minimal polynomial, Diagonalisation.
Fourier Series: Fourier Series, Fourier series of Periodic functions, Trigonometric Series, Euler’s formulas, Dirichlets condition, Even and Odd functions, Half range series, Parseval’s Identity.
MODULE III
Laplace Transforms: Definition, Existence condition, Properties,
Inverse Laplace Transform. Laplace Transform of periodic functions, Convolution theorem, Laplace Transform of Dirac-Delta function.
Applications of Laplace Transform in solving linear differential equations with initial conditions and system of linear simultaneous differential equations.
MODULE IV
Fourier Transforms: Properties, Inverse Fourier Transform, convolution, Applications.
Z- Transforms: Properties, inverse, convolution and applications to deference equations. Wave equation- derivation and solution using separation of variable method.
TEXT BOOKS:
REFERENCE BOOKS:
MODULE I
Number Systems & Codes:
Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal, Octal systems; Interconversions, Signed & Unsigned Binary numbers, Complements, Binary Arithmetic: Addition & Subtraction using 1’s & 2’s complements;
Binary Codes-Decimal codes (BCD, Excess-3, 8421, 2421), Error Detection codes (Parity generation & Detection), Reflected code, Alphanumeric codes (EBCDIC, ASCII), Study of Binary logic with logic gates.
Boolean Algebra:
Postulates & Theorems, Boolean functions and their Algebraic manipulation, Canonical & Standard forms, Minterms & Maxterms,
Simplification of Boolean functions: K-maps, POS & SOP simplification and their interconversions, NAND & NOR implementation, Plotting & Reading of K-map using VEM.
MODULE II
Combinational Logic:
Design Procedure for Combinational logic circuits, Design & Analysis of Adder, Subtractor, Code Conversion, binary Parallel Adder, Look-ahead Carry generator, Decimal Adder (BCD Adder), Magnitude Comparator, Decoders,
Combinational logic implementation, Demultiplexers, Encoders, Multiplexers, Boolean function implementation with multiplexers.
Flip-flops: Basic flip-flop circuit, Clocked RS flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, Triggering of flip-flops, Master Slave flip-flop, Edge triggered flip-flops: their schematic symbols, truth table & Excitation table.
MODULE III
Sequential Circuits: Design procedure for sequential circuits using state diagrams, state table, state equations, state reduction and assignment, Circuit implementation,
Moore & Mealy Machine.
Design and analysis of counters, Modulo Counters, Synchronous, Ripple and ring counters (Switch tail, Johnson), Application of counters, Timing Sequences, Word time generation, timing signals.
Registers: SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO, Register with parallel load, Shift registers, Bidirectional shift register with parallel load.
MODULE IV
Digital Logic families:
Characteristics of Digital ICs, RTL, DTL, TTL-Operation of TTL NAND gate, Active pull-up, Open Collector output, Wired AND, three state (or tri-state) output, Schottky TTL, ECL, I2L.
Characteristics of MOSFET’s, CMOS Inverter, NAND and NOR, CMOS to TTL and TTL to CMOS interfacing.
Noise Considerations: Types of Noise and Control methods, Shielding, Grounding and Decoupling, Crosstalk. (Refer Reference book:5)
Memories:-Memory organization and operation: Write operation, read operation. Expanding memory size: Expanding Word size, Expanding Word Capacity, Basic concepts of RAM, ROM.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. M. Morris Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design.-PHI
2. Tocci, Digital Systems-Principles & Applications-PHI
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. William Fletcher, An Engineering Approach to Digital Design-PHI
2. M. Morris Mano, Digital Design-PHI
3. Malvino & Leach, Digital Principles & Applications-Tata McGraw-Hill
4. Thomas Floyd, Digital Fundamentals-UBS Publishers & Distributors
5. Designing with TTL integrated circuits by Robert Morris & John Miller
MODULE I
Network classification: Distributed and lumped, passive and active, time variable and time invariant, symmetrical and asymmetrical networks. Network analysis: Mesh and nodal analysis; super-node and super-mesh analysis
T-Pi and Pi-T, conversions, Network theorems: Review of Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Superposition, Millman’s Theorem Compensation, Reciprocity Tellgen’s, Substitution, Superposition and Maximum power transfer Theorems.
MODULE II
Graph theory: Basic definitions, matrices associated with networks graphs: Incidence, Cutset, Tieset Matrices and Duality. Applications to Mesh & Nodal Analysis.
Time-Domain Analysis: Network equations in time-domain, first and second-order circuits, initial conditions, analysis of transient and steady state response to step, ramp, impulse and sinusoidal inputs.
Application of Laplace Transform to analysis of networks for different inputs (impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal)
MODULE III
Resonance: Series resonance- Band Width, selectivity and Q-factor of resonance circuits.
parallel resonance- Band Width, selectivity and Q-factor of resonance circuits.
Two port networks: Characterisation in terms of Z, Y, H and ABCD parameters, Equivalent circuits, inter-relationship between the two port parameters; Input, output, characteristic impedance and image impedances of two ports.
MODULE IV
Attenuators and filters: Symmetrical and unsymmetrical, balanced and unbalanced attenuators; analysis and design of T, Pi, Lattice and Bridged-T attenuator. Types of filters-Low pass, high pass, band pass and band elimination filter.
Basics of Butterworth, Chebyshev, Inverse Chebyshev and Elleptic approximations.
Elements of network synthesis: Positive-real functions, Reactance functions, RL and RC functions (Foster method and Caver Method)
TEXT BOOKS :
REFERENCE BOOKS:
ETC 3.4: ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS
MODULE I
Filters: Design of C, L and LC types. Zener Voltage Regulators:
Modeling of BJT: h-parameter and re model for all biasing circuits, Miller’s theorem.
Multistage amplifiers-direct, RC-coupled and transformer coupled, Darlington pair, Cascade, Cascode.
Large signal amplifiers: Class A,B,C,D (derivation for efficiency), complementary symmetry and push-pull amplifiers.
MODULE II
Steady state response of RC differentiator & integrating circuits to square wave, BJT as a switch, Junction & Diffusion Capacitance of a BJT , Improving switching times, Analysis & Design of Basic BJT Monostable Multivibrator, BJT Bistable Multivibrator, BJT Astable Multivibrator, and BJT Schmitt trigger
Sampling gates: UJT, JFET and MOSFET Sampling gate, Sample & Hold circuits. Transistor bootstrap ramp generator.
MODULE III
Principle of negative feedback in electronic circuits, Voltage series, Voltage shunt, current series, current shunt types of negative feedback, Typical transistor circuits effects of negative feedback on input & output impedance, voltage & current gains, Bandwidth, Noise & Distortion.
Principle of positive feedback, concept of stability in electronic circuits, Barkhausen criteria for oscillations, various types of oscillators-RC, Clapps, Wein Bridge, Colpitt, Hartley, Tuned LC, UJT Relaxation oscillator, Crystal Oscillators (Working and Derivation of frequency of oscillation)
MODULE IV
Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductors, types of doping & its effect on properties of Semiconductors, Diffusion, Mass-action law, Graded Semiconductors.
Conduction mechanism in Semiconductors, Carrier density and conductivity of intrinsic Semiconductors, Drift & Diffusion currents, hall effect, Continuity equation, Qualitative treatment of pn junction diode.
Superconductivity: Meissner effect, Single particle tunneling, Josephson Superconductor.
Introduction to MEMS: Materials, Application ; Introduction to Nanotechnology: Materials, Application.
TEXT BOOKS :
REFERENCE BOOKS:
MODULE I
Introduction and general concepts :Demand and supply – Demand curve, Equilibrium, Aggregate Supply and Demand. National Income terms-GDP, Real v/s Nominal GDP, Net Domestic Product, GNP, National Income, Per capita income, Disposable Income,Price Index,
Inflation
Exchange Rates – Pure, flexible, Terminology for Exchange rate changes, Forex market, Exchange rate systems.
Individual, firm and Market Demand and Supply, Price, Income and Cross Elasticity Applications of Elasticity, Estimation/forecasting of Demand.
Pricing of multiple Products, Price Discrimination, Cost plus pricing, Market driven pricing decisions
MODULE II
Costing And Financial Analysis: Break even Analysis, Basic Concepts-Contribution Cost, Break-even Volume, break-even revenue. Preparation of Income statement, Balance sheet, fund Flow statement, Understanding and analyzing them using financial ratios. Ratio Analysis Liquidity, Leverage and Profitability ratios
Working Capital Management-Determinants of working capital, Financing of working Capital, Dangers of Excessive and shortage of working Capital.
Inviting investment proposals, Selection of project proposals. Capital Rationing, different Methods of Evaluation of Project-Payback Period Accounting rate of return. Discounted cash Flow Methods – Net Present Value, Internal Rate of return, Profitability Index,
Sources of funds for Business-Share capital, Debentures, Loans
MODULE III
General Principles Of Management: Different schools of Management, effectiveness, efficiency, Productivity, functions of Managers,
Planning, Types of plans.Nature of Objectives, MBO, Merits and Demerits of MBO.Organisation, Purpose, Span of management, Departmentation, Structure of Organisation, O. D. Process, Organisational culture, values. Matrix Organisation, Unity of command, SBU, line and staff function,
Decentralization, Advantages, Limitations, Marketing Mix, Advertisement, Sale Promotion, Sales Management and Training, Market Research –Tools, Methods, Analysis
Managing People: Motivation, Theories of Motivation, Maslow’s Theory of Needs, Herzberg’s Theory, Vroom’s expectancy theory, Managing Creative Staff.
Leadership, leadership styles and behaviors. Human Resource Management, Staffing, Skills needed by Mangers, Recruitment and Selection, Appraisal Methods,
Nature of Communication, Basic communication Process, Barriers in Communication, Guidelines for improved communication, Informal and formal communication, Principles of Effective communication
Controlling, steps in Basic control process, Importance of Standards.
TEXT BOOKS :
REFERENCE BOOKS:
MODULE I
Errors and Approximations: introduction, sources of errors, problems in computations, safeguards against errors,floating point arithmetic, absolute error, relative error, percentage error- calculations.
Forward and backward differences, Newton’s interpolation formula (Forward and backward )
Lagrange’s Interpolation, Newton’s Dividend difference interpolation formula. Cubic spline interpolation and C programmes for all above methods.
MODULE II
Solution of transcendental and polynomial equations in one variable by using Newton Raphson method, Regula Falsi method
Bisection method and Secant method
C programmes for all above methods.
MODULE III
Solution of linear equations: Gauss’s Elimination, pivoting, computation of matrix inverse using Gauss Elimination, Gauss Jordan methods.
Iterative Algorithms – Jacobi and Gauss Seidal methods, Eigen values and Eigen vectors by using power method
C programmes for all above methods.
MODULE IV
Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal rule & Simpson’s rule (one third and three eights), Romberg’s formula.
Numerical Differentiation: Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae. Solutions of ordinary differential equation, Euler’s methods, Runge Kutta methods, Predictor Corrector method (Euler’s, Milne and Adams Methods)
C programmes for all above methods.
TEXTBOOKS:
REFERENCE BOOKS:
MODULE I
Bessel’s and Legendre’s equations and their solutions,
Bessel’s functions of first kind and second kind. Recurrence relations for Bessel’s functions of first kind and applications.
Orthogonality for Bessel’s functions and Bessel’s Fourier series. Generating functions for Bessel’s functions. Relation between Laplace equation and Bessel’s equation.
MODULE II
Series solution for Legendre’s equation and Legendre’s polynomials,
Recurrence relations for Legendre’s polynomials and Orthogonality for Legendre’s polynomials.
Legendre Fourier Series expansion. Relation between Laplace equation and Legendre equation.
MODULE III
Complex Integration, Cauchy’s Integral theorem and its application.
Integral formula for simply and multiply connected domains and its applications.
Taylors and Laurents Series and their application. Singular points.
MODULE IV
Liouvilles theorem with applications.Residue theorem and applications.
Contour Integration. Boundary value problems.
Derivation and solution of one dimensional heat equation using separation of variable method.
TEXT BOOKS:
REFERENCE BOOKS:
MODULE I
Introduction:
Definitions and concept of different types of signals; continuous time and discrete time signals; transformation of independent variable; exponent ional and sinusoidal signal; unit impulse and unit step functions.
Systems: continuous time and discrete time system and basic system properties. MATLAB programs. Linear time invariant (LTI) systems: Introduction: Discrete time LTI system; the convolution sum; continuous time LTI systems; the convolution integral; properties of LTI systems. MATLAB programs.
MODULE II
Fourier series : introduction; response of LTI system to complex exponential; Fourier series representation of continuous-time periodic signals; convergence of the Fourier series; properties
Fourier series representation of discrete time periodic signals; properties of discrete- time Fourier series MATLAB programs.
MODULE III
Continuous-time Fourier transform : Representation of periodic signals: Fourier transform of periodic signals and their properties; convolution property; multiplication property. MATLAB programs.
Discrete- time Fourier transform : Representation of a periodic signals; Fourier transform for periodic signals; properties; convolution property; multiplication property.
Sampling:
Introduction; representation of continuous time signals by its samples; sampling theorem; reconstruction of a signal from its samples using interpolation; the effects of under sampling; aliasing; Discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals; sampling of discrete- time signals; Mat lab exercises.
MODULE IV
The Laplace transform : introduction; laplace transforms; the region of convergence; inverse lap lace transform; Analysis and characterization of LTI system using the laplace transform. Unilateral laplace transforms. MATLAB programs.
The Z-transform : introduction; Z-transform; the region of convergence; the inverse Z-transform; properties of Z-transform; analysis and characterization of LTI system using Z-transforms.
TEXT BOOKS:
REFERENCE BOOKS:
4.3 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
MODULE I
DC generator: - Principle, types of generators and EMF equation.
DC motor:- Principle, voltage equation- illustrative examples, torque equation- illustrative examples, motor characteristics, speed control- illustrative examples, losses- illustrative examples, starters- three point starter.
Three phase induction motors:- Principle, construction, slip- illustrative examples, starting torque- illustrative examples, torque under running condition- illustrative examples, torque slip characteristics, starting- illustrative examples and speed control.
MODULE II
Single phase induction motors: - working of resistance start, capacitor start, capacitor start capacitor run, permanent capacitor single phase induction motors.
Stepper motors: - operation of permanent magnet stepper motor, variable reluctance stepper motor, hybrid stepper motor.
Synchros: - construction, principle of operation.
Servomotor: - DC servomotor, Two phase AC servomotor. Drives: - concept of an electric drives, four quadrant diagram of speed torque characteristics, classification and application of drives, braking of DC motors.
MODULE III
DC potentiometers: - Slide wire potentiometer- illustrative examples, Crompton’s potentiometer, applications.
AC potentiometer: - Drysdale’s polar potentiometer.
Electrodynamometer type wattmeter: - construction, operation, torque equation.
Energy meter: - construction, working, torque equation- illustrative examples.
Current transformer: - use of CT for current measurement, relationships in a CT- illustrative examples, errors.
MODULE IV
AC bridges: - Maxwell’s inductance bridge, Maxwell’s inductance capacitance bridge, Hay’s bridge, Owen’s bridge, Schering’s bridge, Wein‘s bridge-illustrative examples on all above mentioned bridges and Wagner’s earthing device.
Illumination: - Definitions, Law of Inverse squares, Lambert’s cosine law- illustrative examples.
Electric heating: - principle of resistance heating, high frequency eddy current heating, dielectric heating.
Introduction to power systems: - introduction to generation of electrical energy, hydal power plant, thermal power plant, nuclear power plant.
Typical AC electrical power system.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. A textbook of electrical technology—B.L. Theraja (Vol II)
2. A Course in electrical and electronics measurements and instruments: - A.K.Sawhney.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electrical Power: - J.B.Gupta
2. A first course in Electrical Drives: - S.K. Pillai
3. A textbook of electrical technology:-B.L. Theraja (Vol I)
MODULE I
System of coordinates :
Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate system, transformation from cartesian to cylindrical and spherical coordinate system, transformation from cylindrical to spherical coordinates.
Integration of scalar and vector functions :
Line integrals, surface integral, volume integral.
Differentiation of scalar and vector functions :
Gradient of a scalar function, gradient in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
Divergence of a vector field, divergence in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, Divergence theorem
Circulation of a vector field, Curl of a vector in Cartesian,cylindrical and spherical coordinates, Stoke’s theorem.
Conservative and non-conservative fields, Helmholtz’s theorem
Electrostatics :
Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity due to point charges and distributed charges.
MODULE II
Electrostatics :
Electric Flux density, Electric flux, Postulates of the electrostatic field, Gauss’s law and its applications, Electric potential: Electrical potential due to point charges and distributed charges.
Energy in electrostatic field :
Energy due to point and distributed charges.
Boundary value problems :
Poisson’s equations for the electrostatic field, Laplace’s equation for the electrostatic field, Solution methods, Uniqueness theorem, Solution by direct integration, Solution by the method of Images.
Interface Conditions :
Interface conditions between two dielectrics, Interface conditions between dielectrics and conductors.
Capacitance :
Parallel plate capacitor, Capacitance of infinite structures.
Conduction and Convection current density :
Convection current and convection current density, Conduction current and Conduction current density, Power dissipation and Joule’s law, The continuity equation.
MODULE III
The Static Magnetic Field :
Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field Intensity, Magnetic Flux Density and Magnetic Flux, Postulates of static Magnetic field, Magnetic Vector potential, Magnetic Scalar potential, Magnetic Dipole
Biot Savart Law, Ampere’s circuital Law.
Behaviour of Magnetic Materials, Diamagnetic and Ferromagnetic materials.
Magnetic circuits :
Magnetomotive force, Magnetic reluctance, Forces in the magnetic field.
Energy stored in the magnetic field :
Magnetostatic energy in terms of fields.
Time varying Electric and Magnetic fields :
Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law, Electromotive force, Eddy currents.
Maxwell’s Equations :
Continuity equation for time varying fields, Displacement current density, Generalized Ampere’s Law, Maxwell’s equations in differential, integral and time harmonic representation.
Interface conditions for Electromagnetic Field :
Interface condition for the electric field, interface condition for the magnetic field.
MODULE IV
Electromagnetic wave equation and its solution :
Electromagnetic waves, Time dependent wave equation, Time Harmonic Wave Equation, Solution of the wave equation for uniform plane waves in free space , perfect dielectrics.
Poynting’s Theorem:
Poynting vector, Complex Poynting vector, Electromagnetic power density.
Propagation of Plane waves in Materials :
Propagation of plane waves in lossy dielectrics, low loss dielectrics and conductors, Concept of Phase and Group velocity.
Polarization of Plane Waves :
Concept of Polarization, Linear, Elliptical and Circular Polarization
Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves :
Reflection and Transmission at a General Dielectric Interface with Normal Incidence, Standing Waves, Oblique incidence on a conducting surface with perpendicular polarization and parallel polarization, Brewster’s Angle, Total Internal Reflection.
Text books :
Reference Books :
MODULE I
Differential Amplifiers (4 types), Derivations, FET diff. amp, constant current
bias, current mirror
Op- amps parameters, definitions, Measurements, offset compensation, Functional
block diagrams and working specification of IC741, equivalent circuit of Op-amp
and transfer curve
Feedback in op-Amp, Frequency response and methods of frequency compensation
Applications of Operational amplifiers (linear amplifiers and filters, Inverting
and non inverting amplifiers, Ac & DC Differentiator, Integrator, summing &
difference amplifier.
Instrumentation amplifier, voltage follower, V-I & I-V converter, Precision
rectifier, Log and antilog amplifier Design of Active filters such as
Butterworth low pass, high pass, band pass, notch filters
MODULE-II
Op-Amps as Comparators, zero crossing detectors, Schmitt trigger, ramp
generators, Triangular wave generator. Analysis of the waveform with SPICE
Oscillators: wein bridge oscillator, phase shift oscillators, design & problems
Voltage regulators. Specifications, functional block diagrams of IC 723, Design
of IC 723 as high & low voltage regulators
Specifications, functional block diagrams of IC LH 105
Three terminal regulator IC78XX, 79XX, LM309, LM317, voltage regulator and
tracking regulator.
Principles and working of switching mode regulators, applications of switching
regulator IC 78540, Universal Switching regulator
MODULE III
Introduction to resolution & accuracy in convertors, quantization error, sample
& hold circuit
ADC and DAC: A/D and D/A conversion principles, principle of successive
approximation, successive approximation ADC, binary weighted resistors & R-2R
resistor ladder (Design & problems)
Specifications, functional block diagrams, applications of 0809 & 0808
Phase- Locked loop (PLL)
Basic principles of phase-locked loop and block diagram
Transfer characteristics of PLL, Lock Range, and Capture range.
Applications of PLL as frequency multiplier, AM Demodulation, FM demodulation,
Study of PLL IC 565 and its applications design
MODULE IV
Op-Amps as bistable, monostable and astable multivibrator
IC 555: Functional block diagram and specification, Modes of IC555
Applications of IC555 as monostable & astable multivibrator (design)
IC 555: Application as VCO, missing pulse detector, frequency divider, ramp
generator, PWM
Waveforms generating ICs:
Study of IC566, IC 8038 and IC XR2206 and their applications in waveforms
generations
Text Books:
1. Ramakant Gayakwad, Op-Amps and linear integrated circuits, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd.
2. Botkar, K.R. Integrated Circuits, Khanna Pub.
3. SPICE by Gorden W. Roberts & Adel Sedra, Oxford
Reference Books:
1. Millman and Halkias, integrated electronics: Analog and digital circuits
system McGraw Hill Pub.
2. Sergio Franco, Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated
circuits, McGraw Hill.
3. Modern Digital Electronics by R. P. Jain, TMH
4. SPICE by Circuits & Electronics using Pspice by Muhamad H. Rassid, PHI
MODULE I
Object Oriented Programming: Basic concepts and benefits of OOP,
Basic, User defined and derived data types.
Reference variables, Arithmetic and logical operators, scope resolution and
memory management operators. Expressions and control structures.
Functions in C++, Classes & Objects, Constructors & Destructors.
MODULE II
Operator Overloading: Definition, Overloading unary and binary
operators, manipulation of strings.
Inheritance: derived classes, Types of inheritance, constructors in derived
classes, nesting of classes.
Pointers: pointers to objects, this pointer, pointers to derived classes.
Virtual functions, Templates: Class templates & Function templates.
MODULE III
Linked list: Single, Doubly, Circular linked lists. Stacks: as an array and
linked list, applications of stacks.
Queues: as an array and linked list, Circular, deque.
Trees: Traversal of binary tree, BST, operations on BST, Reconstruction of
Binary tree.
Heap.
MODULE IV
Graphs: Definitions and Terminology, DFS & BFS, Spanning Tree.
Searching: Linear search, Binary search.
Sorting: Bubble sort, selection sort, Quick sort, Insertion sort, Merge sort,
Heap sort, Binary Tree sort.
Text Books:
1. Object Oriented Programming with C++ by E. Balagurusamy.
2. Data Structures through C++ by Yeshwant Kanetkar
3. Let Us C++ by Yeshwant Kanetkar
Reference Books:
1. Object Oriented Programming in Turbo C++ by Robert Lafore
2. Schaum Series Programming with C++ by John Hubbard
3. Programming with C++ by Ravichandran
4. C++ Primer by Lippman and Lajoie.
5. Mastering C++ by Venugopal, Rajkumar, Ravishankar
6. Data Structures using C++ by Tenenbaum.
Measure of central tendency, measures of dispersion, moments, skewness and kurtosis. Correlation and Regression: Regression lines, linear correlation co-efficient and its properties. Axiomatic and empirical approach to probability, addition and multiplication theorems, conditional probability and Baye’s theorem. Random variables: Both discrete as well as continuous probability distribution, density function, expectation, variance and moment generating function.
Two dimensional random variables: Discrete and continuous –joint probability distribution, joint density function, marginal distributions and density functions, conditional distributions and density functions, expectation and variance, statistical independence and sum of independent random variables.
Discrete distributions: Binomial, Poisson, Geometric-expectation, variance, moment generating function and moments about the mean as well as the origin.
Continuous distributions: Normal (Gaussian)- Exponential, uniform –expectation, variance, moment generating function and moments about the mean as well as the origin.
Testing of Hypothesis: Type I and Type II errors, Large sample theory, tests involving normal distribution; small sample theory, student’s distribution, Chi-Square distribution, F-distribution and tests involving these distributions.
Testing for goodness of fit and test for independence, using chi-square distribution.
Analysis of Variance-One factor and two factor experiments.
Stochastic Processes: States, state –space, auto-correlation and auto-covariance functions; associated correlation coefficient, cross –correlation and cross-covariance functions; associated correlation co-efficient, strict sense stationarity, statistical independence, second order processes and wide sense stationarity. Discrete time Markov chains, Poisson processes. Queuing theory: M/m/n queues with the number of servers n being finite.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Probability and Statistics in Engineering and Management Science by William W. Hines and Douglas C. Montgomery.
Queuing Systems vols I and II by L. Kleinrock
Stochastic Processes by J.Medhi
Probability, Random variables and Stochastic Processes by Athanasios Papoulis.
Probability, Random variables and Random Signal Principles by Peyton Z. Peebles, Jr.
Statistics by Murray R. Spiegel and Harry J. Stephens- Schaum’s outlines.
Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing and Computer Science Applications by Kishor S. Trivedi
Introduction to control systems; types of control systems, basic concept of open-loop and closed-loop control systems; mathematical modeling and representation of mechanical (translational & rotational) and electrical systems; Conversion of mechanical to analogous electrical systems (force-voltage and force-current analogy); block diagrams, signal flow graphs and transfer functions.
Transient response of first and second order systems; performances criteria , sensitivity, accuracy and performance indices; Type -0, -1 and –2. control systems; Steady state error and error co-efficient; Stability concept, Routh-Hurwitz criteria; root-locus techniques.
Frequency-domain analysis, polar-plots, Bode-plots and Nyquist-plots; Relative stability using Nyquist-plot, phase- and gain-margin. Constant-M and constant-N circles; Nichol’s chart.
Design of basic compensators, Cascade compensation in time and frequency domain;
Lead, Lag and Lead-Lag compensation design in time and frequency domain
TEXT BOOKS:
Control Systems-Principles and Design - M. Gopal, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Control Systems Engineering,– I.J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, The New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi
Automatic Control Systems, - B.C.Kuo ,PHI
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Modern Control Engineering, -K.Ogala, PHI
Control Systems, -A.Nagoor Kani, RBA Publications, Chennai
Transmission-line theory: Analysis of a uniform transmission-line made up of a cascade of incremental sections; line constants; characteristic impedance and propagation constant; The general solution; Input impedance; Infinite line and its equivalence to a matched line; Plots of voltage- and current –phasors along a line; Wavelength and velocity of propagation; Expressions for the attenuation constant α and the phase constant β in terms of line constants.
Waveform distortion; The distortionless lines; the telephone cable; Inductance loading.
Reflection on an unmatched line; voltage- and current- phasors; Energy view point of Reflection; Reflection coefficient: Input and transfer impedance of a line; Open- and short-circuit lines.
Transmission-lines at High Frequencies: (i) Lines of zero Dissipation (Loss-less Lines):Line constants; voltage- and current- distributions on a Loss-less line for various terminations; Current- and voltage-phasors on the line; standing wave, Standing Wave Ratio (SWR); Directional coupler.
Input impedance for various terminations; Power and impedance measurements on the line; Reflection losses.
The light wave, Quarter-wave and Half-Wave lines, Impedance matching; Single-stub matching on line; The Smith-circle diagram and its applications; Single-stub matching with Smith chart; Double-stub impedance matching.
(ii) Lines of small Dissipation: Line constants; characteristic impedance, propagation constant; voltages and currents on the line; Input impedances of open- and short-circuited lines; Quarter and half-wave lines; Tapped quarter-wave lines and their applications.
Guided Waves: Waves between parallel planes; TE and TM waves; Characteristics of TE and TM waves; TEM waves; velocities of propagation.
Waveguides: Rectangular guides: TM waves, TE waves; Impossibility of TEM waves in Waveguides; Methods of excitation.
Circular guides: TM and TE waves. Wave impedances and characteristic impedance; Transmission line analogy; Waveguide discontinuities.
TEXT BOOKS:
Networks, Lines and Fields, J.D. Ryder, PHI Pvt. Ltd., 1997
Electromagnetic Waves Radiating Systems, E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, New Delhi, 1979.
REFERENCES:
Electronics and Radio Engineering, F.E. Terman, Mc Graw Hill Book Co., 1955.
Fields and Waves in communication circuits, Ramo & Whinnery, John , Wiley & Son, Tokyo, 1965.
Sampling theorem, Mathematical and graphical proof of sampling and reconstruction using Impulse train; Sampling and reconstruction using pulse train; Basic principles of PAM, PWM and PPM, their generation and detection.
TDM, comparison of TDM with FDM; Typical multiplexed systems; Signal –to-noise ratio calculations for PAM, PWM and PPM and their comparisons.
Pulse code modulation, generation and detection of PCM, quantization, companding, differential PCM; Delta modulation, Adaptive delta modulation; Signal-to-Noise Ratio calculations of PCM, DM and TDM-PCM, their comparisons.
Fundamentals of Binary ASK, PSK and FSK, generation and detection of BASK, BPSK and BFSK; Fundamentals of QPSK and DPSK, generation and detection of QPSK and DPSK, generation and detection of QPSK and DPSK, M-Ary PSK signaling schemes, equalization principles; Baseband data transmissions.
Information; Marginal, conditional and joint Entropies; Channel capacity, efficiency; Discrete communication channels; Shannon’s limit, continuous communication channels, Channel with finite memory.
General principles of coding, necessary and sufficient condition for noiseless coding, Shannon’s noiseless coding theorem, Coding efficiency, Shannon-Eano and Huffman coding; Error control, Hamming codes, Linear block codes, Cyclic Redundancy codes, Majority logic coding and decoding; Two dimensional coding, Algebraic coding, Trellis diagram.
Simple telephone communication, Simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex telephone circuits, Side tones, relays, bridges, Local battery exchange, Central battery exchange, signaling tones, Facsimile.
Principles of common control, Touch tone dial telephone, Dual-tone-multi-frequency signaling, stored program control, Centralized and distributed SPC, Single stage and multistage networks, Time division space switching, Time division space switching, Time multiplexed space switching, Time multiplexed time switching, Network traffic, Grade of service and blocking problem.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Principles of Communication Systems –Taub and Shilling, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
Principles of Communication Systems-B.P. Lathi, PHI l publication.
Principles of Digital Communication Systems, B.P. Lathi, PHI International publications.
Communication Systems – Bruce Carlson, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Digital and Analog Communication Systems, K. Sam Shanmugham, Wiley Eastern.
Principles of Digital Communications, Das, Mullic and Chattergy, Wiley Eastern Publications
Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks, Thiagarajan Vishwanathan, PHI Publications.
Introduction: Definitions and concepts of different types of signals; Continuous-time and discrete-time signals; Transformation of independent variable; Exponential and sinusoidal signals; unit impulse and unit step functions.
Systems: Continuous-time and Discrete-time systems and basic system properties.
MATLAB programs.
Linear time invariant (LTI) systems: Introduction; Discrete-time LTI systems, the convolution sum; continuous –time LTI systems; the convolution integral; Properties of LTI systems
MATLAB programs.
Fourier Series: Introduction; response of LTI systems to complex exponentials; Fourier series representations of continuous-time periodic signals; Convergence of the Fourier series; properties.
Fourier series representation of discrete-time periodic signals; propertied of discrete-time Fourier series. MATLAB programs
Continuous-time Fourier Transform: Representation of a periodic signals; Fourier transform of periodic signals and their properties; Convolution property; multiplication property. MATLAB programs.
Discrete-time Fourier transforms: Representation of aperiodic signals; Fourier transform of periodic signals; properties; convolution property; multiplication property.
Introduction to Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT): Frequency-domain sampling, properties of DFT; Circular convolution and linear convolutions.
The Laplace Transform: Introduction; Laplace Transforms; the region of convergence; Inverse Laplace transforms; Analysis and characterization of LTI systems using the Laplace transforms; Unilateral Laplace transform.
The Z-transform: Introduction; Z-transform; the region of convergence; the Inverse Z-transform; properties of Z-transform; Analysis and characterization of LTI systems using Z-transforms, unilateral Z-transforms. MATLAB programs.
Sampling: Introduction, representation of continuous-time signals by its samples; Sampling theorem, reconstruction of a signal from its samples using interpolation; the effect of undersampling; aliasing, Discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals; Sampling of discrete-time signals; MATLAB exercises.
TEXT BOOKS:
REFERENCES BOOKS:
Register Transfer Language, Bus Transfer (Bus System with multiplexer & 3- state buffers), Memory Transfer (Memory Read & Write), Arithmetic Micro operations (Binary Adder, Incrementer & Composite Arithmetic circuit for all arithmetic micro operations), Logic micro operations (Hardware implementation using flip-flops & Applications i.e. Selective Complement, Clear, Mask, Insert, Compare); Shift Micro operations (Logical, Circular, Arithmetic along with Hardware implementation), Arithmetic logic shift unit, Control functions and its generation.
Instruction codes, Computer Registers, Computer Instruction, (MRI, RRI, IOI), Timing & Control, Instruction Cycle (Fetch, Indirect, Execute and interrupt), Execute cycles for RRI, MRI and IOI, input, output and interrupt, design of basic computer
Micro programmed Control Unit: Micro programmed Control Organisation, Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Conditional Branching, Mapping of Instruction, Microinstruction format, Symbolic Microinstructions, symbolic Micro program, Binary Micro program, Design of Micro programmed control unit, Micro program Sequencer.
For fixed point numbers: Computer Arithmetic: Addition & Subtraction with Signed Magnitude Data (algorithm, hardware implementation & hardware algorithm), Addition & Subtraction with 2’s complement data (algorithm, hardware implementation), Booth’s multiplication Algorithm for signed 2’s complement data (hardware included), hardware implementation & hardware algorithm for multiplication of signed magnitude data, Division Algorithm (hardware implementation for signed magnitude data and hardware algorithm).
Floating Point Number: Definition of Mantissa , Exponent, Normalized mantissa & Biased exponent.
Representation of floating point number in registers.
CPU: General register organisation, control word, stack organisation [Memory, Stack, Push & Pop Instructions, Reverse Polish Notation], Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, Data Transfer Instructions, Data Manipulations Instructions, Program Control Instructions
Types of Interrupts
8085 Microprocessor pinout and signals, internal structure, Demultiplexing Address/Data bus, Generating Control Signals, Timing Diagrams for Opcode Fetch, Memory Read and Write Signals. Instructions cycle, Machine cycle and T-states for different instructions.
Interfacing Memory to 8085 microprocessor.
Introduction to 8085 instructions & writing in assembly language.
Data transfer instructions; Arithmetic instructions, Logic instructions, Branch instructions, Machine instructions.
Counters & Time delays using 1 register, using register pair & a loop within a loop technique.
Instructions related to stacks & subroutines.
Interrupts [INTR, TRAP, RST (7.5,6.5,5.5), SIM & RIM instructions].
TEXTBOOKS:
|
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Computer Organisation, Hamacher, Vranesic and Zaky, McGraw Hill.
2. Computer Architecture and Organisation, J. Hayes, McGraw Hill International Edn.
3. Introduction to microprocessor, Aditya Mathur, Tata McGraw hill.
4. Microprocessor and Microcomputer based System Design, Rafiquzzaman, USB, New Delhi.
5. Computer Organization and Architecture, William Stallings.
6. Microprocessors and Microcomputers, B. Ram, Tata McGraw Hill.
Object Oriented Programming: Basic data types: Objects, classes; Declarations and definitions; the main () function; Arithmetic operators; Logical operators; Conditional expressions (if, if-else, switch, operator ?); Loops (while, do..while, for); Comma operator; Arrays (one-dimensional, two-dimensional); Input and output.
Constructors and Destructors: Constructor functions; Dynamic memory allocation; Pointers; the new operator. Argument passing in function calls: Passing by value and reference; the const key word; Copy constructors.
Function and operator overloading: the overload assignment operator.
Inheritance: Code reuse; Constructors and inheritance; Function overloading in derived classes; Pointers and virtual functions; Destructors and virtual destructors.
Stacks and Queues: Structure and implementation; Postfix notation; Circular Queues.
Templates: Definition and use; Template functions.
Sets: Basic operations; Designing the set data structure.
Linked Lists: Single linked lists; Linked stacks and Queues; Doubly linked lists; Circular linked lists.
Trees: Binary trees; Definitions; Tree operations.
Graphs: Definitions; Implementation; Graph Traversals (Depth-first and Breadth-first); Topological sorting (Depth-first and Breadth-first);
Searching: Sequential search; Binary search; Templates for searching algorithms (Sequential search and Binary search).
Sorting: Insertion sort; Selection sort; Merge sort; Quick sort-basics, Implementation in an array.
Tables and Hashing: The table data structures; Hashing- principles, choosing a hash function; collision resolution with open addressing (Linear and quadratic probing) and chaining.
TEXTBOOKS:
Data Structures using C++ by Sartaj Sahni, Tata McGraw Hill.
Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms with C++ by Glenn W. Rowe, Prentice Hall, India.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Data Structures using C and C++ by Y. Langsam, M. Augenstein and A.M.Tenenbaum, Prentice Hall, India.
Fundamentals of Data Structures- E. Horowitz, and Sartaj Sahni, Galgotia Publications.
The processor 8086: Architecture, signal descriptions, physical memory organization, operating modules of 8086 and timings. Addressing modes of 8086, instruction set, Assembler Directives.
Assembly language programs for 8086. Special architectural features and related programming: Introduction to stack, Interrupts and interrupt service routines. Interrupt programming, Macros, procedures. Introduction to system software.
Multiprocessing systems: Software aspects of multiprocessor systems.
Numeric processor 8087: architecture, signal description, register set, exception handling, interconnection of 8087 with CPU
I/O processors 8089: Architecture, bus arbitration and control, arbitration schemes.
Multiuser/multitasking Operating System concepts.
Intel 80286 microprocessors: architecture, signals, system connections.
Intel 80386 32- bit microprocessor: architecture, signal description, register organization modes of operation, segmentation, paging, virtual 8086 mode.
MODULE 4
Pentium microprocessor register organization, super scalar architecture, branch prediction floating point unit, memory management.
Pentium Pro microprocessor: Architecture, pipeline.Introduction to Pentium II, III and IV
Comparison of 16 bit Intel processors with other contemporary 16 bit processors
(MC68000, Z800)
TEXTBOOKS:
REFERENCES:
Primary & Secondary Frequency standards, Signal generators: Frequency synthesized signal generators, sweep frequency signal generators,
Electronic Voltmeters (Analog): Chopper stabilized DC(Low frequency) voltmeter, different methods of chopping, true RMS responding voltmeters, current probes Electronic Voltmeter(digital):Non-integrating type: Ramp type, Staircase Ramp, Continuous balance, Successive Approximation
Integrating type: Voltage to frequency, Potentiometer Integrating, Dual Slope integrating
Digital Multimeter: Block Diagram, General specification of a DVM, Sensitivity & Resolution of a DVM, Electronic Voltmeter (High Frequency measurement): Sampling Voltmeter
Oscilloscope: Block diagram, Classification of CRO’s, CRT control circuits, Electrostatic focusing, Delay lines, single trace, multiple trace & multiple beam CRO’s, Time base circuits, Synchronizing circuits, Z-modulation.
CRO probes: Active & Passive probes, Compensation for probes. Screen for CRTs Graticule
Analog storage oscilloscope: Basic storage principle, Bistable Phosphor tube, Variable persistence tube (half tone tube), fast transfer tube
Digital storage oscilloscope, sampling oscilloscope applications of CRO’s: Phase & frequency measurements using triggered sweep method and by using Lissajous patterns, current measurements
Study of front panel controls of a CRO, standard specification of a single beam CRO
Spectrum Analyzer: General Block Diagram, Swept Super heterodyne Spectrum Analyzer, Spectrum Analyzer for higher frequencies, FFT based Spectrum Analyzers, frequency Resolution & Bandwidth, Sweep Desensitization, sensitivity of spectrum Analyzer, Application of spectrum Analyzers
Curve Tracers: Block Diagram
Transducers: Types of transducers, factors to be considered in selecting a transducer.
Displacement Transducer: Basic displacement measurement scheme, different types of displacement transducers: strain gauge, linear variable differential transformer, Capacitive, Inductive, Piezoelectric, Potentiometer, Basic measuring circuit of each of the above mentioned transducers.
Velocity Transducers: Basic principle of measuring velocity, Tachogenerator, Stroboscopic method of measuring rpm (revolutions/minute)
Pressure Transducers: Inductive, resistive and capacitive transducers for measuring pressure.
Temperature Measurement Transducers: Resistance Temperature Detectors, Thermistors, Thermocouples, characteristics, interfacing to electronic circuits.
Flow measurement transducers: Turbomagnetic Flowmeter, Electromagnetic Flowmeter, and Ultrasound Flowmeter.
Digital Transducers: Disc type encoder, Incremental shaft encoder.
Data Acquisition Systems (DAS): Basic block diagram of Data Acquisition System, Analog and digital DAS, Objective of DAS, Signal Conditioning of the inputs, Instrumentation Amplifier, Isolation Amplifier, Multiple channel DAS, Scanners
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC): Introduction to PlC’s, Uses, Advantages, Block Diagram, Input and Output Modules of a PLC,
Introduction to logic: Conventional Ladder versus PLC ladder logic, AND, OR,NOT,EX-OR logic, Combinational Logic, priority logic.
Programming a programmable controller, IEC1131-3 Programming standard.
PLC Instructions: Basic Relay instructions, Timer and counter instructions, Comparison and Data Handling instructions, Sequencer instructions.
Writing PLC programs using Ladder Logic for simple applications, Interpreting Ladder Diagram.
Virtual Instrumentation: Virtual Instruments, SAMI (Standard Architecture for Measurement for Instrumentation) model i.e. Block Diagram
Automatic Test Systems: Block Diagram, Instruments used in Computer controlled instrumentation.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Electronic instrumentation & Measurement by Helfrick 7 Cooper, Prentice Hall of India.
2. Electronic Instrumentation by Kalsi, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation by D.Patranabis,
4. Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers by Gary Dunning, Thomson Learning.
5. Instrumentation Reference Book-Edited by B. E. Nolting, Second Edition, Butterworth Heinemann Publications, ISBN:0 7506 205 60
6. Student’s Reference Manual for Electronic Instrumentation Laboratories by Stanley Wolf & Richard F. M. Smith, Prentice Hall of India.
7. Principle of Measurement and Instrumentation by Alan S. Morris, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd Edition.
Introduction to Thyristor family. Constructional details of SCR. Principle and operation and VI-characteristics, Two-transistor model of SCR. Firing of SCR: R & RC, UJT firing.
Turn off of SCR: Using Class A, B, C, D, E, F commutation circuits
Protection and mounting schemes for SCR. Series and parallel operation of SCR. Triac and its applications. Gate turnoff Thyristor. Line commutated AC to DC converter: Single Phase Half Wave converter. Single Phase Full wave Controlled converter.
DC to DC converter-choppers: Principle of operation. Single Quadrant (type A & B) To Quadrant choppers (type C & D) . Four quadrant choppers (type E)
Control Strategies: PWM, constant pulse width variable frequency. Current limit control. Variable pulse width & frequency.
Single Phase AC Regulators with R & RL load.
DC to AC converter-inverter: Single phase Bridge Inverter. Series & Parallel.
Single phase Inverter. Three Phase Bridge Inverter for 1800 & 1200 mode.
Output voltage control in single-phase inverter: Re4eduction of Harmonics by PWM method. Elimination of Harmonics. Current Source Inverter. Speed Control of DC machines using SCR.
Cyclo-convertors: Principle of operation & Step-up Cyclo converters.
TEXT BOOKS:
An introduction to Thyristor and their applications by S. Rammoorthy.
Thyristorised Power Controllers by G.K. Dubey
Power Electronics by Mohammed Rashid.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Thyristor by R.K. & K.K. Sugandhi.
Thyristor Engineering by Berde
Basic Antenna concepts: Patterns, beam area, radiation intensity, beam efficiency, directivity, gain, resolution; Aperture (effective, scattering, loss, collecting and physical), aperture efficiency, effective height, maximum effective aperture of a short dipole and a linear half-wave antenna, effective aperture and directivity, Friss transmission formula, wave polarization. Point Sources: Power patterns, power theorem, radiation intensity, different power patterns (hemispherical, unidirectional and bi-directional cosine, sine, sine-squared unidirectional (cosine) 2 and ((cosine) n), directivity, gain field and phase-patterns, Effect of earth on field patterns.
The short dipole: Field components, radiation resistances, Thin linear center-fed antenna: Field components, quarter-wave monopole, half-wave dipole and full-wave antenna; field at any distance, radiation resistance of half-wave antenna, antennas with a uniform traveling wave.
Arrays of point sources: Isotropic point sources of: (i) same amplitude and phase (ii) same amplitude but opposite phase (iii) same amplitude and in phase quadrature (iv) equal amplitude and any phase (v) unequal amplitude and any phase; pattern multiplication, Linear array: Point sources of equal amplitude and spacing. Broad-side array, End-fire array, End-fire array with increased directivity, scanning arrays; null directions and directions of maxima.
Loop antenna: field of a small loop, field pattern of circular and square loop, ferrite-rod antenna.
Helical Antenna: Geometry, transmission and radiation modes, design of monofilar axial mode type, Wide-band characteristics, tapered monofilar axial mode type.
Construction, characteristics and construction of: Slot antennas, slotted-cylindrical antenna, Aperture antennas, Horn antennas (rectangular and circular), Reflector antennas (Corner, paraboloidal, cylindrical parabolic), Cassegrain feed, Lens antennas, dielectric rod antennas; Yagi-Uda array, V- and Rhombic-antenna, Turnstile antennas; Baluns and traps. Antenna Measurements: Far-field pattern, phase, directivity, gain, terminal impedance, current distribution, polarisation; System temperature and signal-to-noise ratio.
Broad-band and Frequency-independent Antennas: Planar spiral, conical-spiral, log-periodic antenna and array.
Ground-wave propagation: Plane-earth reflection, space wave, surface wave, Elevated dipoles above plane earth, Line-of sight propagation, wave tilt of the surface wave, spherical-earth propagation, Tropospheric waves, Abnormal refraction and reflection, Duet propagation, Tropospheric scattering, Fading and diversity reception.
Ionospheric Propagation: Layers, permittivity and conductivity, collision and plasma frequency, reflection and refraction, refractive index, electron density, determination of critical frequency and virtual height, Maximum usable frequency, skip distance, optimum frequency, regular and irregular variations, Sky-wave transmission, effect of Earth’s magnetic field, whistlers, incoherent scatter, VLF propagation.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems by E.C.Jordan & K.G.Balmain, Prentice Hall of India
2. Antennas by Kraus, Mc Graw Hill Book Co.
3. Electronic & Radio Engineering by F.E.Terman, Mc Graw Hill Book Co.
4. Antenna & Wave Propagation by K.D. Prasad, Satyanarayan Publications
5. Antenna Theory: Analysis & Design by Constatine A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ETC 6.6: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
MODULE I
Discrete-Time signal and its application to LTI systemZ-Transforms[Z,T]
Introduction, definition of Z-Transform, properties,
Region of convergence, evaluation of inverse ZT, rational ZT
MODULE 2
Efficient computation of DFT: Fast Fourier transform [F.F.T]Realisation of Discrete Time System
introduction, Basic Realisation block
diagram and the signal flow graph, Basic structures of IIR filter: Direct,
canonical, cascade and parallel realizations.
MODULE 3
Design of Digital Filters: General considerations: causality and its implications, characteristics of practical frequency selective filters.Design of FIR filters: Symmetric FIR Filters, design of linear phase-FIR filters using windows, frequency sampling method.
Design of IIR filter: IIR filter design by impulse invariance, bilinear transformation, Butter worth filter, Chebyshev filters and Elliptic filters. Frequency selective filters: Ideal filter characteristics, low pass, high pass and bandpass filters, Notch filters, Comb filters.
MODULE 4
7. Multirate Digital Signal Processing : Introduction, Decimation by factor D, Interpolation by factor I, sampling, sampling rate conversion by rational factor I/D, Application of Multirate signal processing, Design of Phase shifters, interfacing of digital systems with different sampling rates, Subband coding of speech signals, over sampling A/D and D/A conversion.
8. Application of DSP: Voice processing, introduction to wavelet transforms. Definition of an image, Image representation, introduction to 2-D Fourier Transform.
TEXT BOOKS:
REFERENCE BOOKS:
MODULE I
--Peripheral devices, input output interface, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer, priority interrupt, DMA, input output processor, serial communication.
--Types of interfacing devices, address decoding for input/output, I/O ports, interfacing I/O ports [Steps in interfacing I/O devices, methods of interfacing I/O devices].
--Block diagram, control logic, interfacing 8155 I/O ports, 8155 timer, 8155 ports in handshake mode.
--Block diagram, modes of operation, interfacing 8255.
--Block diagram, architecture and signal description, command, words, operating modes of 8259A, interfacing & programming of 8259A.
Architecture and signal description, operating modes, command instruction format, interfacing & programming 8251 with 8086.
--Architecture & signal description, modes of operation, command words, interfacing & programming 8279.
--Architecture & signal description, modes of 8253, Control word, programming & interfacing.
--Internal Architecture, Signal description, DMA operations with 8237, 8237 commands, programming & interfacing 8237 with 8086.
MODULE IV
--Internal Architecture, Signal description, Functional details.
8275 - CRT Controller
--Internal Architecture, Signal description, Display formats & operational features.
--Interfacing A/D Data converters, ADC 7109, interfacing 7109 with 8086 through 8255, DAC 0800, interfacing DAC 0800 with 8086.
--Temperature monitoring & control system, speed control of D.C. motors, firing of thyristor.
IEEE 488 (GPIB) & RS - 232C
Textbooks:
Reference books:
7.2 MICROWAVE & RADAR ENGINEERING
Fundamentals of microwave amplifiers & oscillators: Beam coupling, power transfer from alternating gap field to density modulated beam, beam loading, noise, microwave oscillators, analysis of two terminal oscillator circuits, build-up and limitation of amplitude of oscillation, admittance diagram for two terminal oscillator, admittance diagram for four terminal oscillators.
Klystron: Bunching by velocity modulation, velocity diagram (Applegate diagram), small signal theory of bunching two terminal klystrons.
Reflex Klystron: Structure, velocity diagram, bunching in Reflex Klystron, power delivered to the resonator, effect of the repeller voltage upon power delivered to the resonator, electronic admittance.
Traveling Wave Magnetron: Structure, modes of oscillation, mode separation by strapping.
Traveling Wave Tube: Construction and operation, slow wave circuits, backward wave oscillator.
Measurements: Calorimeter wattmeters, bolometers, bolometer bridges & mounts, thermocouples and crystals, measurement of standing waves, impedance measurement, measurement of frequency & wavelength, microwave bridges, measurement of Q (by transmission, VSWR measurement, decrement measurement), measurement of noise factor.
Microwave semiconductor devices: Microwave FET’s, Tunnel diode, Gunn diode, Avalanche transit time devices: IMPATT & TRAPATT.
RADAR: Principle of operation of radar, maximum unambiguous range, radar range equation, Radar block diagram, radar frequencies, applications of radar, accuracy & resolution of radar, radar horizon, apparent range.
Receiver noise, signal to noise ratio, Probability of Detection & False Alarm, Integration of Radar Pulses.
Radar Cross Section: Radar Cross Section of Targets, Radar Cross section fluctuations, Swerling Target model
Transmitter power, pulse repetition frequency, system losses
Doppler frequency shift, Continuous wave Radar, FM-CW Radar
Clutter: Sea clutter, Weather clutter, other sources of atmospheric echoes
MTI Radar: Principle of operation, block diagram, single & double delay line cancellers, clutter attenuation, blind speeds, staggered PRF’s, limitations to MTI performance, non-coherent MTI, MTI from a moving platform.
Radar displays: Plan Position Indicator (PPI)
Antenna for radars: Electronically Steered Phase Array Antenna, advantages of Phased Array Antenna, limitations
TRACKING RADAR: Different methods of tracking, Sequential lobing, Conical Scanning, amplitude & phase comparison Monopulse Radar, limitations to tracking accuracy, low angle tracking, frequency agility
Tracking in Range: Split Gate Tracker, Precision on-axis tracking, track while scan, automatic tracking with surveillance radar
Radar signal Management, pulse compression, FM pulse compression radar, CHIRP, phase coding.
Radomes: Rigid radomes, air supported radomes, weather effects on radomes, radome wall construction, metallic radomes, rotodomes.
Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR): Principle of operation, problems with SSR.
Principle of operation of the following radar :Over the horizon radar, surface wave radar, Sky wave radar, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), ground probing radar, carrier free radar, battlefield radar, concept of bistatic & multistatic radar.
Textbooks:
1) Microwave Principles by H.J.Reich, J.G.Skolnik, P.F.Ordung, H.L.Krauss -
Affiliated East West Press Ltd.
2) Introduction to Radar Systems (3rd Edition) by Merill Skolnik – Tata McGraw Hill,
3) Understanding Radar Systems by Simon Kingsley & Shaun Queegan – Standard Publisher Distributors, New Delhi
Reference books:
1) Microwave Devices & Circuits by S.Y.Liao – Prentice Hall of India
2) Microwaves by K.G.Gupta, Wiley Eastern Limited
3) Electronic & Radio Engineering by F.E.Terman – McGraw Hill Book Co. Ltd.
4) Foundations for Microwave Engineering by R.E.Collin, McGraw Hill Book Co.
5) Radar Engineering Handbook by McGraw Hill Book Co. Ltd.
7.3 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
Introduction: Need for optical communication, block diagram of an optical communication system.
Optical fibers: Basic Optical Laws and definitions, Optical fiber modes and configurations, Mode theory for circular wave guides, graded index fiber structure, Overview of Fiber material and fiber fabrication.
Signal degradation in optical fibers: attenuation, Signal distortion in optical waveguides, Pulse broadening in graded index waveguides, mode coupling.
Optical Sources: Light-emitting diode structures, Light source material, Internal quantum efficiency, modulation capability, Transient response. Laser diode modes and threshold conditions, Resonant frequencies, Laser diode structures and Radiation Patterns, modulation of laser diodes, Temperature effects.
Power Launching and Coupling: Source to fiber power launching, Lensing schemes for coupling improvement, Fiber-to-fiber joints, Fiber splicing, optical fiber connectors
Photodetectors: Physical principles of photodiodes, Photodetector noise, Detector response time, Photodiode material
Optical Receiver Operation: Fundamental Receiver operation, Digital receiver performance calculation, Preamplifier types, Analog receivers.
Unguided Optical Communication System: Transmission Parameters, Sources and Detectors, Examples of unguided optical communication systems.
Optical fiber communication systems: Digital optical fiber Telecommunication systems, Data Communication networks, Analog systems, the optical ether.
Textbooks:
1. Optical fiber communication by G. Keiser, McGraw Hill, 1983.
2. Optical communication system by J. Gowar
Reference books:
1. Optical fiber communication by Oselt, McGraw Hill, 1980.
2. Fiber optics by P.K. Cheo
3. Optical fibers by Okashi
4. An Introduction to optical fibers by H.A. Cherin, Mc Graw Hill, Book Co. 1983.
Introduction to Operating Systems: The computer as a tools for programmers and end-users, basic elements, processor registers, instruction execution, interrupts, memory hierarchy, cache memory, I/O communication techniques, operating system objectives and functions, evolution of operating system.
Process description & control: Process, process states, the creation and termination of processes, two and five process model, processor modes, suspended process, process description, operating system control structures, process control structures, process location, process attributes, process control.
Threads, SMP & Microkernels: Multithreading, thread functionality, thread states, thread synchronization, relationship between threads and processes, symmetric multiprocessing, SMP organization, Microkernels, study of WINDOWS NT thread and SMP management.
Scheduling: Typing of scheduling, scheduling algorithms, first come first served, round robin, shortest process, next, fair-share scheduling, multiprocessor scheduling, real time scheduling, study of WINDOWS NT scheduling.
Concurrency control: Principles of concurrency, operating system concerns, process interaction, competition amongst processes for resources, cooperation amongst processes by sharing and communication.
Mutual exclusion: Requirements of mutual exclusion, Dekker’s Algorithm, Peterson’s algorithm, interrupt disabling, machine instruction approach.
Semaphores: Mutual exclusion, producer/consumer problem, implementation of semaphores, A barbershop problem, monitors, monitor with signal, notify and broadcast, message passing, readers/writers problem.
Deadlock & Starvation: Principles of deadlock and starvation, conditions for deadlock, deadlock prevention, deadlock avoidance, deadlock detection, dining philosopher’s problem, UNIX concurrency mechanism.
Memory: Memory management requirements, memory partitioning, paging, segmentation.
Virtual memory: Hardware & control structure, paging, segmentation, operating system software, fetch policy, placement policy, replacement policy, optimal, least recently used, first-in, first-out, clock algorithm for replacement, study of WINDOWS NT memory management.
I/O management & disk scheduling: I/O devices, organization of I/O function, operating system design issues, I/O buffering, disk scheduling, disk scheduling policies, RAID, disk cache.
File management: Files, file management systems, file organization and access, file directories, file sharing, record blocking, secondary storage management, study of WINDOWS NT file system.
Distributed systems: Need for protocol architecture, TCP/IP protocol architecture, the OSI protocol architecture, client/server computing and applications, classes of client/server applications, middleware, distributed message passing, remote procedure calls, clusters, study of WINDOWS NT WOLFPACK.
Distributed process management: Process migration, distributed global states, distributed mutual exclusion, distributed queue, distributed deadlock, deadlock in message communication.
Security: Security threats, protection, intruders, intrusion techniques, password protection, password selection strategies, intrusion detection, viruses and related threats, trapdoors, logic bomb, Trojan horse, viruses, worms, bacteria, nature and types of viruses, anti-viruses approaches, trusted systems, network security, study of WINDOWS NT security.
Basics of cryptography: Encryption, data-encryption standard, public key encryption, Rivest-shamir-Adleman algorithm.
RISC: Basics of RISC approach, pipelined and super-scalar approaches, vector processors and parallel processors, concept of Von Neumann architecture.
Textbooks:
Reference books:
Silicon semiconductor technology: Wafer processing, oxidation, epitaxy, deposition, ion-implantation and diffusion silicon gate process.
Basic CMOS technology: A basic n-well and p-well CMOS process. Silicon on insulator, MOSIS layout design rules (full-custom mask layout designs), stick diagrams, layout editors (Magic/Micro Wind) and circuit extraction.
MOS transistors: Structures, MOS system under external bias, operation of MOS transistor (MOSFET), threshold voltage, MOSFET current-voltage characteristics (CGA), channel length modulation, substrate bias effect, measurements of parameters – KN, VTP & γ, MOSFET.
Scaling – Full scaling & constant voltages scaling. Short channel effects, narrow channel effects, MOSFET capacitances.
Modeling of MOS transistor circuits using SPICE (level1 model equations)
MOS Inverters: Static Characteristics: VTC, noise immunity and noise margins, NMOS inverter, CMOS inverter (SPICE model) – circuit operation, calculation of VIL, VIH and VTH, power and area considerations, CMOS latch-up and its prevention, CMOS logic circuits, CMOS transmission gate.
Cell based design methodology: Standard cell, Macrocell place and route.
Array based implementation approaches: Mask- programmable array, prewired Arrays (FPGA), Ram based (volatile FPGAs)
MODULE IV
VLSI design methodologies
VLSI design flow, design analysis, simulations: circuit, timing, switch-level, gate-level (or logic), functional – (using VHDL), Design verification: Electrical, timing, functional (formal), Implementation approaches: Custom circuit design, Design synthesis: Circuit and logic Synthesis, Validation and testing: Test procedure, Design for Testability (DFT) Scan – Based Test, Boundary- Scan Design, Built in self test (BIST), test-pattern generation, fault models, Automatic Test-Pattern generation (ATPG), Fault simulation.
Textbooks:
Reference books:
2. Modern VLSI design (Systems on Silicon) by Wayne Wolf.
Introduction: Applications of mobile communication, frequencies used, basic cellular system and its operation, propagation attenuation, fading characteristics, delay spread and coherent bandwidth, propagation paths, cell shape, components of cellular systems.
Concept of frequency reuse channel, co-channel interface reduction factor, carrier to interference ratio of omni directional antenna system, hand off mechanism, cell splitting, analog cellular mobile: specifications of mobile station, specification of land station.
Mobile point-to-point model: Propagation over water, foliage loss, near-in distance and long distance propagation, path loss, cell site antenna height and signal coverage cells, mobile to mobile propagation.
Cell site mobile antennas: Gain and pattern relationship, sum and difference pattern and their synthesis, cell site antennas and their types, minimum separation of cell site receiving antennas, mobile antennas and their types.
Co-channel interference and its measurement, reduction of co-channel interference by notch in the tilted antenna pattern, power control, diversity receiver, adjacent channel interference, near-end-far-end interference, cross talk, SAT tone, UHF TV interference..
Definition of channel assignment, fixed channel assignment, channel sharing and borrowing, sectorization, non-fixed channel assignment algorithms.
Switching and traffic-types of switching need for cellular analog switching equipments and digital. Features of handling, MTSO interconnection.
Medium access control: Drawbacks of CSMA-CD in wireless communications, use of SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, Fixed TDM, Classical ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, DAMA (Demand assigned multiple access), PRMA (Packer reservation multiple access), Reservation TDMA; MACA (Multiple access with collision avoidance), Polling, ISMA (Inhibit sense multiple access), CDMA, SAMA (Spread ALOHA multiple access)
Telecommunication Systems: GSM (Global system for mobile communication), mobile services, system architecture, radio interface, logical channel and frame hierarchy, protocols, localization and calling handover, security.
DECT – System architecture and protocol architecture, TETRA.
Books:
ETC 7.5.2 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ELECTIVE II)
MODULE I
Introduction: Introduction to neural networks, structure of biological neuron, Mc-Culloch Pitts neuron model, logic network realization by using Mc-Culloch Pitts neuron model, Neuron modeling for artificial neuron systems, Neural learning.
Single layer network: Perceptions, concept of linear seperatibility and non-linear separatibility, perception, training algorithms- Hebbian learning rule, perceptron learning rule, Delta learning rule, Widrow-Hoff learning rule, co-relation learning rules, winner take all & outstar learning rules, problems related to all learning rules.
Multilayer network I: Error back propagation algorithm or generalized delta rule, quick prop algorithm, setting of parameter values and design considerations, performance evaluation.
Multilayer network II: Adaptive multilayer network – network pruning algorithm, Marchands algorithm, neural tree, tiling algorithm & problems related to adaptive multiplayer network, prediction network, radial basis function and its applications, polynomial network.
Winner-Take-All network, minimum H.D. classifier, simple competitive learning algorithm, LQV algorithm, an adaptive resonance theory, topologically organized network – SOM, SOFM, Kohonens algorithms, Distance based learning, K-means clustering algorithms and problems.
Hopefield network: Non-iterative procedures for association, Hopefield network, brain-state-in-a-box network & problems.
Applications of neural network.
Books:
Satellite orbits and inclination: Synchronous orbit, orbital parameters, satellite location with respect to earth, look angles, earth coverage and slant range, eclipse effects, placement in geostationary orbit, station keeping, stabilization.
Satellite subsystems: Power, altitude and orbit control, propulsion, repeaters, antennas, Telemetry, Tracking & Command (TTC), thermal control, structure.
Earth station: Design requirements, subsystems, small earth stations, VSATs, mobile and transportable earth stations.
Applications: Communication, remote sensing, earth observation, meteorological, military and scientific & technological applications. Indian National Satellite Systems (INSAT).
MODULE 2
Frequency allocations and spectrum.
Link design: Design equations, system noise temperature, C/N and G/T ratio, atmospheric and ionospheric effects, uplink design, complete link design, interference effects, earth station parameters.
Analog communication: FM/FDM techniques, S/N and C/N ratio, SCPC system, FM/FDM TV satellite link, intermodulation products.
Multiple Access Techniques: TDMA: Frame structure, burst structure, frame efficiency, super frame, frame acquisition and synchronization, comparison with FDMA, burst time plan, multiple beam (Satellite switched) system, beam hopping TDMA.
Demand Assignment Multiple Access Techniques: Erlang call congestion formula, DA-FDMA (Spade) system, DA-TDMA, digital speech interpolation.
Spread spectrum techniques and CDMA: Process gain, Jam margin, J/S ratio and antijam margin, Direct sequence spread spectrum, PN sequences, DS CDMA, frequency hopping system, FH-SS CDMA, Synchronization, Applications.
Basic television system: Sound and picture transmission, scanning methods, interlaced scanning, number of scanning lines, vertical and horizontal resolution, evaluation of bandwidth of baseband signal.
Television cameras: Principle of working and construction of Vidicon, CCD image sensors, colour television camera, gamma correction.
Composite video signal: Video signal levels, need for synchronization, details of synchronizing and equalizing pulses, scanning sequence details.
Signal transmission: AM and FM channel bandwidth, vestigial sideband transmission, VSB correction, television standards and their comparison (PAL, NTSC, SECAM), VHF and UHF bands.
Television transmission and relay system: Requirements of TV broadcast transmission, block diagram of a TV transmitter, visual and aural exciter, diplexer, microwave TV relay systems.
Studio equipment, organization and control: Technical facilities in television studios, television studios, production control room facilities, master control room equipment.
Signal reception: TV receiver
block diagram, construction of picture tube and their control circuits, booster,
balun, RF tuner, IF amplifier, IF response curve, Trap circuits, sync
separators, video detector, AGC and AFC schemes, Audio detector, horizontal and
vertical deflection systems, high and Extra High Tension (EHT) circuits.
MODULE 4
Colour television: Principles of additive and subtractive colour mixing, chromaticity diagram, compatibility, luminance, hue and saturation, luminance signal, generation of colour difference signal, polarity of colour difference signal.
Colour television display tubes: Delta gun picture tube, PIL picture tube, Trinitron picture tube, purity and convergence, static and dynamic convergence, automatic degaussing, grey scale tracking, pincushion distortion, S correction.
Colour signal transmission and reception: Frequency interleaving, bandwidth for colour signal transmission, modulation of colour difference signal, generation of chrominance signal.
NTSC colour TV system: I and Q signals, selection of colour subcarrier frequency,
NTSC encoder and decoder, limitation of NTSC system.
PAL colour television system: Main features of PAL system, cancellation of phase errors, PAL encoder, PAL decoder, PAL-D.
SECAM colour television system: SECAM encoder and decoder block diagram.
Advanced television systems: HDTV systems, HDTV systems considerations, HDTV standards and compatibility, NHK system, MUSE system.
Textbooks:
1. Satellite communication by D.C. Aggarwal, Khanna publications.
2. Electronic communication systems by W. Tomasi, Pearson Education, Asia.
3. Monochrome and colour television by R.R.Gulati, New Age International Pvt.
Limited.
4. Television and Video Engineering by A.M.Dhake, Tata McGraw Hill publishing
Company limited.
Reference books:
1. Satellite communication systems by Dennis Roddy, (third edition), Pearson Education, Asia.
2. Satellite communications by T. Pratt, C.W. Bostian, Wiley and sons.
3. Satellite communications, R.M. Gagliardi, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi
4. The satellite communication applications hand book by Bruce R.Elbert, Artech House Boston, 1997
5. Satellite communication systems engineering by Wilbur L.Pritchard, Hendri G.Suyderhood, Robert A.Nelson, II Edition, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey.1993
6. Digital satellite communication by Tri T.Ha, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill, New york.1990
7. Digital communication satellite /
earth station engineering by K.Feher, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey, 1983
8. Basic Television & video
systems by Grob & Herndon, Glencoe Mc Graw Hill, 6th
edition.
9. Television electronics – theory and servicing by Milton Kiver & Milton Kaufman, CBS publishers & distributors, New Delhi.
10. Colour television – theory & practice by R.R. Gulati, New Age International Ltd.
11. Colour television – theory & practice by S.P.Bali, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
MODULE-1
Data communication: Components, basic concepts -
Line configuration: point to point, multipoint; Topology - mesh, star, tree,
bus, ring, hybrid; Access methods - command/response, interrupt-driven, Token
passing, CSMA/CD; Transmission modes - simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex;
Categories of networks - LAN, MAN, WAN.
The OSI Model: Layered Architecture, Functions of the layers. DTE-DCE interface, Modems: Role of modems, modem functions, operation of a modem, connecting modem to telephone line; Multiplexing: FDM, synchronous TDM, statistical TDM, WDM
Data link control: Line Discipline, flow control,
error control: ARQ, stop-and –wait ARQ, sliding window ARQ, Go-back-N ARQ,
Selective-Reject ARQ.
Data link protocols - Asynchronous protocols: XMODEM, synchronous protocols - Character oriented protocols: Binary Synchronous Communication (BSC), Bit Oriented Protocols: SDLC, HDLC.
Switching - Switching networks, Circuit switching:
Space-Division switching, Time-Division switching, Packet switching: Datagram,
Virtual Circuit [SVC, PVC], Message switching.
X.25: X.25 layers-Physical layer, frame layer, packet layer, PLP packets
Networking Devices: Repeaters, Bridges, Routers,
Gateways.
Routing Algorithms: Distance Vector routing, link
state routing, shortest path Algorithm- Flyod’s Algorithm.
ATM: ATM Architecture-Virtual connection, Identifiers, Cells, Connection, Establishment & Release
ISDN: Integrated Digital network, ISDN, ISDN channels-B, D, H Channels, ISDN Interfaces, Functional grouping, ISDN protocol architecture- Physical layer, data link layer, network layer, ISDN addressing.
Text-books:
1. Data Communication & networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan, Tata Mc-Graw Hill [2nd edition].
2. Data & Computer Communications by William Stalling, PHI [5th edition].
Reference books:
1. Data Communications by William Schweber, McGraw Hill.
2. Design & Analysis of computer communications networks by Vijay Ahuja
Mc-Graw Hill.
3. Data Communications & networks by Achyut S.Godbole Tata Mc. Graw Hill.
ETC
8.2.2 CONSUMER ELECTRONIC (ELECTIVE III)
Electro acoustical Transducers:
Microphones, Loudspeakers, Pick-up characteristics, specifications and
applications.
Sound Recording and Reproduction:
Principle and
block schematic of disc recording system, magnetic recording system, optical
recording system, compact disc.
Audio Amplifier and subsystems:
Audio mixers, Tone controls, Graphic equalizers, Features of Hi-Fi and
stereo systems, Dolby system, Public Address systems, Tuners
Testing, Alignment & Servicing of Television Receivers:
Testing & Alignment of TV Receivers, TV Wobbuloscope, Video Pattern
Generators, Television Test Charts, Marker Generator, colour bar Generator,
Colour Bar Pattern Generator, Vectoroscope.
CCTV system Feature:
Random Interlace, Video Camera signal processing, Single tube colour
camera.
Cable Television:
Cable systems, Different frequency bands/Channels, Cable types and
networks, Head End parameters, Trunk and cable distribution systems, scrambling
and Conditional Access systems (CAS).
Satellite Television, Direct to Home TV
Digital Television:
Digital Television Systems, Digital TV signals, digitized Video
parameters, Transmission of Digital TV Signals, Bit rate reduction.
Advanced TV systems:
Multiplexed Analog component Signals (MAC), D2-MAC/PACKET Signal,
Advantages.
Projection Television: Basic Projection TV systems, Front & Rear
projection, Schmidt Optical systems, LCD & Laser Projection systems.
High Definition Television Systems:
HDTV systems, HDTV standards & compatibility, MUSE system, HD-MAC
Family, 3D Stereoscopic TV Techniques.
Principles of video recording:
Modes of recording, Conversion of analog audio and video signals to
digital.
Modern home appliances with electronic control such as Microwave oven ,
Washing machines, DVD, MP3 player, digital camera, cordless phones, cell
phones, remote controls for TV, Inverters, UPS
Working
principle of photo copying and fax machine.
Maintenance and safety measures
Marketing planning:
Importance of marketing planning, steps involved in the marketing planning
process scanning the marketing environment and spotting the business
opportunities, setting the market objective
Marketing strategy:
Costing:
Patents:
Textbooks:
ETC
8.2.3
OPTICAL
COMPUTING (ELECTIVE III)
Basic elements of optical
systems-mirrors-gratings-lenses. Transducers-spatial light
modulators-Holographic elements- Fundamental Limitations on dynamic range.
Hybrid optical electronics systems. Dependence between optics and electronics
Image spectral analysis and filtering-pattern recognitions.
Picture debluring –synthetic aperture Radar imaging. Radio signal
analysis-simple arithmetic, matrix operation- Differential and integration
Non –linear effects- optical bistability. Hybrid polarisation devices, optical phase conjugation.
Passive and Active integrated optic devices
Digital optical computers –Internal representation, implementation of binary logic elements, implementation of arithmetic units.
Memory – interconnection and communication
–Architectures
Text Books:
ETC 8.3.1 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
MODULE
Introduction to E-Commerce, benefits and limitations, types of E-Commerce. Reasons for going online, Internet and networking technologies, web browsers, introduction to HTML, XML, JavaScript, web application servers. Internet and network protocols. Web and database integration.
Security on the Internet. Threats and challenges on Internet, Secret key encryption, public key encryption, authentication, digital signatures, integrity, privacy on Internet, client based security, server based security, Secure Socket Layer (SSL), S-HTTP, Algorithms for security - RSA and DIFFIE-HELLMAN.
Electronic payment systems - limitations of traditional payment instruments, digital cash, electronic cheques, online credit card based systems, SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) protocol, debit cards, smart cards, preventing double spending.
Marketing strategies on the web, web design, attracting visitors, virtual societies, advertising, one-to-one marketing, direct marketing, choosing ISP.
Supply chain management - Fundamentals, elements of supply chain management, managing retail supply chains, order management cycle.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), benefits of EDI.
1. The E-business (R) evolution by Daniel Amor, Pearson education.
2. Electronic Commerce - A manager's guide by Ravi Kalakota, Andrew Whinston, Pearson education.
3. Web Commerce Technology Handbook by Daniel Minoli, Emma Minoli, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
4. Network Security - Private Communication in a Public world by Charlie Kaufman, Radia Perlman. Mike Speliner, Pearson education.
5. E-Commerce – Strategy, Technology and approaches by David Whiteley, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
Different types of microcontrollers. Processor Architecture: Harvard and Princeton, CISC and RISC. The 8051 microcontroller architecture: Hardware, input/output pins, ports and circuits, external memory, counters and timers, serial data input and output, interrupts.
The 8051 instruction set: Data movement instruction: External Data move, Code memory Read-Only-Data moves, Push and Pop opcodes, Data exchanges. Logic operation: Bit and Byte level, Rotate and Swap.
The 8051 instruction set: Arithmetic operations: Flags, incrementing, decrementing, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, decimal arithmetic. Jump instruction: call, subroutine Interrupts and Returns.
An 8051 Microcontroller design: A microcontroller design, testing the design, timing subroutines, lookup tables for the 8051, serial data transmission
An 8051 microcontroller Applications:
-Interfacing of keyboard to 8051 based microcontroller system – Human factors, key switch factors, key configurations, programs for keyboards, a scanning program for small keyboards, interrupt-driven programs for small keyboards, program for a large matrix keyboard.
-Interfacing LED and LCD – Seven-segment numeric display, intelligent LCD display.
-Measurement of pulse width and frequency – Measuring frequency, pulse width measurement.
-Interfacing A/D and D/A Converter – D/A Conversions, A/D Conversions.
RTOS: Basics of real time operating systems, LCD Digital thermometer using RTOS.
Introduction to PIC microcontrollers. CPU architecture and instruction set: Register file structure and addressing modes, CPU registers, instruction set, simple operations. Features of PIC microcontroller: Interrupt logic, IntService interrupt Service routine, loop time subroutine, RBO/INT external interrupt input, PORTB-Change Interrupts (Pins RB7:RB4), Timer 0,Timer 1, Timer 2, Pulse-Width-Modulated Outputs.I2C Bus for serial EEPROM.
Text books:
1.The 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture, Programming & applications-second edition – Kenneth J. Ayala, Penram International.
2.Design with PIC Microcontrollers – John B. Peatman.
1. Programming and customizing the 8051 microcontroller – Myke Predko.
2.Programming and customizing PIC microcontrollers –Michael predko, Myke Predko.
3.PIC-micro microcontroller pocket reference.
ETC
8.3.3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (ELECTIVE IV)
Introduction to Telephone Communication Systems:
The functions of the telephone network,
the telephone exchange control, transmission, network terminology, other
uses of the telephone network
Electronic
Telephones:
An introduction to electronic telephones, a typical electronic telephone
An introduction to digital networks:
Evolution of digital networks, digital transmission, the introduction of
the exchange control by digital computer, the introduction of digital switching,
the integration of digital switching and transmission, the introduction of
common channel signaling, digital transmission over the subscriber’s line.
Common channel signaling:
Introduction to common channel signaling, the advantages of common channel
signaling, common channel signaling systems, CCS terminology, correction of
errors occurring in signaling units , structure of CCITT signaling system 7.
System X:
Introduction, system X local exchange, digital switching subsystem (DSS),
other local exchange subsystems, synchronization, system X facilities.
Private digital telephone exchange systems:
Introduction to private systems, PBX architecture, basic PBX call
processing.
Integrated services PBX (ISPBX):-
Voice and data switching on a single exchange, using an ISPBX
The digital transmission hierarchy:
The digital transmission network, digital multiplexing techniques, practical 2-8Mbit/s muldex, the trans multiplexer
Private Digital Networks:
Introduction to private integrated voice and data networks, private
digital networks, the operations of DPNSS, DPNSS data calls, permanent data
calls, centrex and virtual private networks.
WDM concepts and components, operation, fiber gratings, tunable Filters,
Directional couplers, dispersion measurement, Optical Amplifiers – EDFA,
Photonic Switching, Optical Network – SONET/SDII, optical Interference, ring
topology, Star Architecture.
Textbooks:
Reference Book:
ETC
8.3.4 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (ELECTIVE IV)
Introduction: Digital Image representation, elements of digital image processing systems, elements of visual perception, structure of human eye, MTF of the visual system, the visibility function light luminance, brightness, contrast, monochrome vision model, colour representation, sampling, 2-D sampling, linearity and space invariance, point spread function and convolution, 2-D Fourier Transform, image quantization, colour vision model, temporal properties of vision.
Statistical properties: Histogram, mean, standard
deviation, profile of different distributions, stochastic characterization of
images
Image Transform: One and two dimensional DFT, the discrete cosine transform, Hadamard transform, the Karhuen – Loeve transform, Haar, Slant and SVD types, transform domain and recursive filtering techniques of processing.
Image Enhancement: Contrast enhancement, spatial and
frequency domain methods, point operation, contrast stretching, bit extraction,
range compression, Histogram equalization, modification local enhancement, image
smoothing spatial operations, filtering multispectral, image enhancement,
intensity and log ratios principle
components, Pseudo-colour image enhancement.
Image restoration:
Sources of degradation, inverse and wiener filtering, removal of blur
caused by motion spins, maximum entropy, restoration in spatial domain,
geometric transformation, spatial transformation, recursive and non recursive
techniques of restoration.
Image Analysis: Edge detection, spatial feature and boundary extraction, boundary representation, region representation structure, shape features, texture, scene matching and detection, image segmentation, classification, image understanding.
Image coding and image compression:
Need and scope for image data compression, image quality and entropy considerations, pixel coding, PCM entropy coding, run-length coding, bit plane encoding, predicting techniques, DPCM, adaptive technique, transform coding, bit allocation, interframes coding, colour and multispectral image coding, JPEG and MPEG standards.
Feature coding: Luminance contour coding, edge coding, texture coding, SVD coding, JPEG and MPEG standards.
Applications of Image Processing: Character recognition, diagram understanding, fingerprint classification, face recognition.
Textbook:
Reference books: